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- MAP04: E-MAIL
- -------------
-
- "I have received no more than one or two letters in my life
- that were worth the postage" -- Henry David Thoreau
-
-
- I think I have the oldest e-mail program in history. I wouldn't
- be suprised if my VM Mailbook program was written by the ancient
- Greeks (or by my campus' squirrels). One of the features that
- my mail program does not have is a spell-checker, so a few typos
- are bound to slip through. Please accept my deepest apologies for
- this :)
-
- Almost all e-mail programs have similar, universal functions. The
- problem is that all of the e-mail programs use completely different
- commands to access these functions (example: to reply to the author
- of a current message using the elm or pine e-mail programs, you type
- the letter "r"; to do the same function in the VM Mailbook program
- you have to hit the PF5 key).
-
- I'm not going to be able to discuss all of these functions, but
- what sort of functions do most e-mail programs have in common? Well,
- most mail programs have a function that will allow you to access
- and read your incoming mail, another to save incoming mail in a
- file, one to print incoming mail, one to send new messages, one to
- reply to a message, another to include a file in a mail message,
- and one to import/export special objects into your mail messages.
- Depending on your e-mail software, these functions are either easy or
- difficult ... but nearly always possible.
-
- With all of the different e-mail programs out there, and all of
- the different commands required to run each program, how are you ever
- going to find out what commands are right for YOUR e-mail program?
- Easy! Ask your local e-mail service provider! This may shock you,
- but almost every mail provider provides some sort of instruction
- sheet or file that will teach you how to use the e-mail program
- that your provider is running. All you have to do is ask!
-
- I want to take a moment to show you how to actually read an Internet
- address. I have to admit that when I first started learning how to
- use e-mail, I was intimidated by the length of all of the Internet
- addresses. However, once I learned to read the addresses BACKWARDS
- -- from right to left -- Internet addresses ceased to be a thing of
- mystery.
-
- Sample Internet Address (mine): PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
-
- Every Internet address has three parts -- a user name, an "at"
- sign (@), and the address of the user's mail server. In this example,
- my user name is PCRISPE1 (and stop laughing -- there is nothing funny
- about "p-crispy-one"), and my mail server's address is UA1VM.UA.EDU
-
- The mail server address (the UA1VM.UA.EDU part of the above
- example) is actually called the "domain" name, and it is based
- on something called an IP (or Internet Protocol) address.
-
- Each server connected to the Internet has a numerical IP address.
- The IP address is four sets of numbers connected with periods
- (for example, the IP address for the mail server that I am using at
- the University of Alabama is 130.160.4.100).
-
- Fortunately, the powers that be realized that people remember
- NAMES better than numbers, and they created the domain name system.
- The domain name system associates the numerical IP address with an
- easier to remember "name" (for example, thanks to the domain name
- system, the IP address 130.160.4.100 becomes a much easier to
- remember UA1VM.UA.EDU).
-
- You may run into IP addresses from time to time when you are FTPing
- or telnetting (we'll talk about both of these tools in a few weeks).
- Just remember than an IP address (the four sets of numbers connected
- with periods) is simply another way to write a domain name, and you
- will do fine. Both IP addresses and domain names should work equally
- well.
-
- Anyway, back to the "p-crispy-one" example. Remember that my domain
- name is UA1VM.UA.EDU? Well, as I said earlier, the best way to read
- an Internet address -- and, for that matter, a domain name -- is from
- right to left. Domain names are broken down as follows:
-
- EDU Educational sites in the U.S.
- COM Commercial sites in the U.S.
- GOV U.S. Government sites
- NET Network administrative organizations
- MIL U.S. Military sites
- ORG U.S. Organizations that don't fit into other categories
- SU Soviet Union (yes, there is still a Soviet Union ...
- at least on the Internet)
- FR France
- CA Canada
- ... (other counties have their own country code)
-
- Since my domain name has an EDU at the end of it, we now know that
- UA1VM.UA.EDU is the domain name for some educational site in the
- United States. But where?
-
- The rest of the UA1VM.UA.EDU domain name lists the "subdomains" that
- tell you where my mail server is actually located. UA is the University
- of Alabama, and UA1VM is the name of my mail server's machine.
-
- So, PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU is the Internet address for someone named
- "p-crispy-one" (stop laughing!!) at some U.S. educational site. Futher
- investigation shows that the site is at the University of Alabama, and
- that the machine "p-crispy-one" is using is called UA1VM.
-
- Another Sample Internet Address: w.v.braun@hq.msfc.nasa.gov
-
- Okay, reading this right to left, we see a GOV. That means it's
- a U.S. Government address. I think we all know what NASA is --
- the National Aeronatics and Space Administration. Unless you are a
- a big NASA fan, however, you probably don't have the slightest clue
- what MSFC stands for (it is the George C. Marshall Space Flight
- Center in Huntsville, Alabama). HQ is pretty self-explanatory --
- Headquarters.
-
- So we know that w.v.braun@hq.msfc.nasa.gov is the address of some
- person named w.v.braun whose mail server is at the Headquarters
- of the Marshall Space Flight Center, and that the Marshall Space
- Flight Center is part of NASA, which itself is part of the U.S.
- government.
-
- What can you tell from the Internet address ike@saceur.pentagon.army.mil?
- A lot, especially if you are a history buff, and if you know that
- "saceur" is the military abbreviation for Supreme Allied Commander-
- Europe.
-
- The best rule of thumb I can give you about Internet addresses is this:
- if the address is not of the form described above and does not end
- with one of the standard top-level domain abbreviations or country
- codes, the address is NOT an Internet address. You may still be
- able to send mail to non-Internet addresses through a gateway, though.
-
-
- HOMEWORK:
-
- Today's homework is completely optional. Remember though, please do not
- send your homework assignments to me :)
-
- Finally, please remember that replying to this (or any other) letter
- with your GET commands will *NOT* work. You *MUST* send your GET
- commands in the body of a *NEW* e-mail letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU
-
- 1) I want you to find the following two commands for your mailer:
-
- - the command that allows you to delete an e-mail letter
- without having to read the letter
-
- - the command that allows you to delete an e-mail letter
- after you have read the letter
-
- You will soon discover that these two commands are the most
- important, and most used, e-mail commands you will ever use.
-
-
- 2) If you have "Level Two" or "Level Three" connectivity and are on a UNIX,
- VAX/VMS, or VM system, there are three files I want you to GET from
- the University of Alabama's LISTSERV file server (see last Friday's
- MAP02: LISTSERV FILE SERVER COMMANDS for a review of the GET command).
- The files are from Richard Smith's "Navigating the Internet" workshop,
- and Richard was kind enough to give me permission to use them in this
- workshop.
-
- The first file covers the basic e-mail commands for the UNIX, VAX/VMS,
- or VM systems. The second file covers the commands to send e-mail,
- and the third file covers the reply function.
-
- Remember when using the GET command that your commands must be
- sent to the LISTSERV address, not to the list or to me. (Replying
- to this letter will *NOT* work).
-
- UNIX USERS: VAX/VMS USERS:
- filename filetype filename filetype
- UNIX 1 VMS 1
- UNIX 2 VMS 2
- UNIX 3 VMS 3
-
- VM USERS:
- filename filetype
- VM 1
- VM 2
- VM 3
-
- You will have to use three GET commands (one for each file), but
- you can put all three GET commands in one letter. For example,
- if I wanted to get all three of the VM files, the body of
- my letter would look like this:
-
- GET VM 1 F=MAIL
- GET VM 2 F=MAIL
- GET VM 3 F=MAIL
-
- PLEASE REMEMBER TO SEND YOUR GET COMMANDS -- OR *ANY* OTHER
- LISTSERV COMMANDS -- IN THE *BODY* OF AN E-MAIL LETTER SENT
- TO LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU (REPLYING TO THIS LETTER WILL *NOT*
- WORK).
-
- 3) If you are not on a UNIX VAX/VMS, or VM system -- or if you are not
- sure what sort of system you are on -- contact your local
- Internet provider and ask for some information on how to use
- your mail program.
-
- In particular, you should ask for information on how to:
-
- - access your e-mail program
- - open and read an e-mail letter sent to you
- - save an e-mail letter to a file
- - print an e-mail letter
- - send a new e-mail letter to someone
- - reply to an e-mail letter sent to you
- - include text in a reply (and how to edit this text)
-
- You probably know how to do most of these things, but it never
- hurts to review it from time to time.
-
- 4) If you would like to get a list of all of the Internet Country
- Codes, use the GET command to get the file COUNTRY CODES from
- the University of Alabama's LISTSERV file server.
-
-
- PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS LETTER DO NOT
- PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE
- THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA - TUSCALOOSA
-
- ROADMAP: COPYRIGHT PATRICK CRISPEN 1994. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
-
-
-